As governments around the world accelerate efforts to regulate AI, Indonesia is also moving forward. The recent publication of the Indonesia AI Roadmap 2025–2029 by the Ministry of Communication and Digital Affairs on 8 May 2025 reflects a growing policy focus on how AI can be governed responsibly and effectively, while also incorporating input from multiple stakeholders.
To support this conversation and the broader policy development process, Mandala developed this opening chapter to map Indonesia’s current AI landscape—covering national policies and initiatives, the intersections and gaps within existing regulatory frameworks, and a range of sectoral use cases across finance, health, and the creative economy.
Our findings show that the rise of generative AI in late 2022 triggered a wave of policy responses, mirroring global developments. While some risks are already addressed through existing ICT and sectoral regulations, others remain in areas that lack clear governance structures.